haya.Learning made clear
Fundamental rights as human rights, and fundamental duties sheet
6-mark answer frame

What are fundamental duties? Describe any five of them and explain their nature.

How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.

  1. 1 · Open in one line. Fundamental duties are basic duties of every citizen, added in Article 51A by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
  2. 2 · Respect the Constitution. Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
  3. 3 · Unity and defence. Uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, and defend the country when called upon.
  4. 4 · Harmony and dignity of women. Promote brotherhood among all people and give up practices that insult women.
  5. 5 · Environment and public property. Protect forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and safeguard public property, for example by not littering or damaging buses.
  6. 6 · Their nature. They are non-justiciable, a code of conduct with no legal penalty, and some words like 'composite culture' are vague.
  7. 7 · Close in one line. Rights and duties go together: a good citizen does both.

Scoring tip: Name at least five separate duties, then give the nature in one line: non-justiciable code of conduct.