Explain how new machines for spinning and weaving changed the making of cotton cloth in England.

1. 1 · Open with the change. Textile inventions moved cloth making from homes to machines in factories.
2. 2 · Faster weaving. John Kay's flying shuttle (1733) made weaving simpler and faster; Cartwright's power loom used water power.
3. 3 · Faster spinning. Hargreaves' spinning jenny spun many threads at once; Crompton's spinning mule (1779) improved it.
4. 4 · Factories and power. Arkwright built the first factory for machines, and Watt's steam engine later drove the mills.
5. 5 · Result. Cotton became the key industry; cloth became cheap, and dyeing, bleaching and printing grew too.
6. 6 · Real life. India's handloom weavers still work by hand, while power looms produce most of our cloth today.
7. 7 · Close in one line. Machines multiplied output and created the factory system.

Scoring tip: Pair each inventor with his machine. A list of names with no machine earns little.