Draw a labelled diagram of the human eye. Explain how the eye focuses on near and distant objects.

1. 1 · Open in one line. The eye is like a camera: the cornea and the eye lens focus a real, inverted image on the retina at the back.
2. 2 · Draw the labelled eye. [Diagram: eyeball with cornea, iris, pupil, eye lens, ciliary muscles, retina and optic nerve labelled]
3. 3 · Give the main functions.
   • Cornea: lets light in and does most of the refraction.
   • Iris and pupil: control the amount of light entering.
   • Eye lens: fine-tunes the focus.
   • Retina and optic nerve: turn light into signals and carry them to the brain.
4. 4 · Explain distant vision. The ciliary muscles relax, the lens becomes thin, its focal length increases, and the image of a far object falls on the retina.
5. 5 · Explain near vision. The ciliary muscles contract, the lens becomes thick, its focal length decreases, and the image of a near object falls on the retina.
6. 6 · Name the property. This adjustment is the power of accommodation. A normal eye sees clearly from 25 cm (near point) to infinity (far point).
7. 7 · Daily-life link. During long reading or screen time, looking at something far away now and then lets the ciliary muscles relax.
8. 8 · Close in one line. So the eye changes the focal length of its lens, not its size, to see near and far.

Scoring tip: Label at least seven parts with straight label lines. Write the words relax and contract clearly: examiners look for both.