What is contraception? Describe the different methods of contraception, and explain how they affect women's health and the spread of infections.

How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.

1 · Define in one line. Contraception means the methods used to prevent pregnancy, so that families can plan and space their children.
2 · Barrier method. Condoms stop sperms reaching the egg and also help prevent infections such as HIV.
3 · Hormonal method. Oral pills change the hormonal balance so that eggs are not released; they may cause side effects.
4 · Devices and surgery.
- Copper-T or loop in the uterus; may irritate the uterus.
- Vasectomy: the vas deferens is blocked.
- Tubectomy: the fallopian tubes are blocked.
5 · Women's health. Spacing children protects the mother's body and mind from the strain of repeated pregnancies.
6 · Link to daily life. Primary health centres and ASHA workers give family planning advice.
7 · Close in one line. Contraception helps families stay healthy and plan their size.

Scoring tip: Give one example and one point to note for each method; a small table works well.