Draw ray diagrams to show the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed (i) between C and F and (ii) between P and F. State the position, size and nature of the image in each case, and give one use of the mirror in case (ii).

1. 1 · Open with the rules you will use. A ray parallel to the principal axis passes through F after reflection. A ray through F comes back parallel. A ray through C returns on itself.
2. 2 · Diagram (i): object between C and F. [Diagram: AB between C and F; ray parallel to the axis reflected through F; ray through F reflected parallel; they cross beyond C below the axis; A′B′ inverted and longer than AB]
3. 3 · Result (i). Image beyond C, enlarged, real and inverted.
4. 4 · Diagram (ii): object between P and F. [Diagram: AB between P and F; ray parallel reflected through F; ray in line with C returns on itself; dotted extensions meet behind the mirror; A′B′ erect, larger and dotted]
5. 5 · Result (ii). Image behind the mirror, enlarged, virtual and erect.
6. 6 · Use in daily life (case ii). Shaving mirrors, make-up mirrors and the dentist's mirror give this enlarged, upright view.
7. 7 · Close in one line. A concave mirror gives a virtual, erect image only when the object is inside F.

Scoring tip: Use a ruler, put arrowheads on all rays, and draw the virtual rays and the virtual image with dotted lines.