What is biopiracy? Explain it with the example of Basmati rice, and state how India has responded.
How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.
1 · Define in one line. Biopiracy is the use of bio-resources by companies or organisations without authorisation from the countries and people concerned and without payment.
2 · Say why it happens. Industrialised nations are poor in biodiversity; countries like India are rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge.
3 · Describe the Basmati case.
27 documented Basmati varieties grown in India.
1997: an American company got a US patent.
The 'new' variety came from Indian varieties crossed with semi-dwarf varieties.
4 · Give other examples. Attempts to patent turmeric and neem.
5 · State India's response. Second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill; GEAC regulates GM organisms.
6 · Link to real life. Basmati, turmeric and neem are everyday Indian resources that need protection.
7 · Close in one line. So laws must ensure fair benefit sharing with the people who conserved these resources.
Scoring tip: Give the year 1997 and the number 27 for Basmati; both are often marking points.
