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EM spectrum: ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays sheet
3-mark answer frame

Name the EM waves at the short-wavelength end of the spectrum. For ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays, give the source, one use and one danger.

How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.

  1. 1 · Put them in order. Increasing frequency: ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays; the wavelength decreases in the same order.
  2. 2 · Ultraviolet. From the Sun and special lamps; kills germs, used in LASIK surgery; causes sunburn, and is absorbed by ozone.
  3. 3 · X-rays. From fast electrons hitting a metal target; detect fractures; damage living tissue.
  4. 4 · Gamma rays. From atomic nuclei; destroy cancer cells; very penetrating and harmful.
  5. 5 · Draw the spectrum chart. [Strip of seven regions from radio to gamma; arrows for increasing frequency and increasing wavelength]
  6. 6 · Real life. A little sunlight helps the skin make vitamin D, but too much UV burns.
  7. 7 · Close in one line. So, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy and the greater the danger to living cells.

Scoring tip: Always pair each wave with its source; examiners give separate marks for the source and the use.