Plan a semi-solid diet for an elderly man recovering from pneumonia who has few teeth, and calculate its nutritive value.
How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.
1 · Aim. To plan, prepare and calculate a semi-solid diet for Mr. A, 65 years.
2 · Principles.
Thick, smooth, moist foods needing little chewing
Low in tough fibre; mild spices
6-8 small meals
Adequate energy and protein using milk, dal, egg and ghee
3 · Nutrient prescription. IBW = (160 − 100) × 0.9 = 54 kg; energy 54 × 30 ≈ 1600 kcal; protein 54 × 1.0 = 54 g (ESPEN).
4 · Foods to include and avoid. Include porridges, mashed dal rice, khichdi, custard, mashed fruit; avoid chapati, crisp dosa, whole grams, raw salads, nuts.
5 · Sample menu. [Table: Time | Menu | Amount, eight meals]
6 · Calculation. [Table: food group | amount | energy | protein] Total about 1645 kcal and 54 g protein (103% and 101%).
7 · Result. The diet gives about 1645 kcal and 54 g protein and meets Mr. A's needs.
8 · Preparation tips. Cook soft and mash, keep moist, add ghee or milk powder, feed upright and slowly.
Scoring tip: Say clearly why each food suits the texture: 'mashed', 'moist', 'no chewing'. That is what the examiner checks.
