Plan a diet for a 55-year-old man with chronic kidney disease (stage 4, not on dialysis) and calculate its nutritive value.

1. 1 · Aim. To plan, prepare and calculate a low-protein diet for Mr. C with CKD stage 4.
2. 2 · Principles.
   • Protein 0.55-0.6 g/kg (KDOQI 2020) with adequate energy 25-35 kcal/kg
   • Sodium below 2.3 g; potassium and phosphorus limited by blood results
   • Fluid = urine + 500 mL
   • Protein 1.0-1.2 g/kg once on dialysis
3. 3 · Nutrient prescription. IBW = 63 kg; energy 63 × 30 ≈ 1900 kcal; protein 63 × 0.6 ≈ 38 g; fluid 1000 + 500 = 1500 mL; potassium about 2 g.
4. 4 · Foods to include and avoid. Choose rice, sago, cornflour, measured milk and egg white, leached low-potassium vegetables, apple; avoid salt, pickles, banana, coconut water, potato, colas.
5. 5 · Sample menu. [Table: Time | Menu | Amount, with fluids counted]
6. 6 · Calculation. [Table: food group | amount | energy | protein] Total about 1865 kcal and 38 g protein (98% and 99%).
7. 7 · Result. The diet gives about 1865 kcal and 38 g protein within 1.5 L fluid and meets Mr. C's needs.
8. 8 · Preparation tips. Leach vegetables, cook without salt, weigh protein foods, measure every drink.

Scoring tip: Name KDOQI 2020 with the 0.55-0.6 g/kg figure, and show the fluid sum (urine + 500) in numbers.