Plan a diet for a 30-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome and show how it differs in acute nephritis.

1. 1 · Aim. To plan, prepare and calculate a diet for Ms. N with nephrotic syndrome, and note the changes for acute nephritis.
2. 2 · Principles.
   • Nephrotic: energy 35 kcal/kg, protein 0.8-1.0 g/kg, sodium below 2 g, low saturated fat and cholesterol
   • Nephritis: protein 0.5-0.6 g/kg while urea is high, no added salt, limit potassium
   • Nephritis fluid = urine output + 500 mL
3. 3 · Nutrient prescription. IBW = 54 kg; energy 54 × 35 ≈ 1900 kcal; protein 54 × 1.0 = 54 g (nephrotic) or 54 × 0.5 = 27 g (nephritis); fluid 400 + 500 = 900 mL (nephritis).
4. 4 · Foods to include and avoid. Include unsalted idli and chapati, rice, measured milk, curd, egg white, fruits and vegetables; avoid salt, pickles, papad, bakery items, ghee, organ meats.
5. 5 · Sample menu. [Table: Time | Menu | Amount, salt-free cooking]
6. 6 · Calculation. [Table: food group | amount | energy | protein] Total about 1859 kcal and 54 g protein (98% and 100%).
7. 7 · Result. The diet gives about 1859 kcal and 54 g protein with no added salt; in nephritis, protein about 27-32 g and fluid 900 mL.
8. 8 · Preparation tips. Separate salt-free pot, lemon and herbs for taste, daily weight, fluid chart for nephritis.

Scoring tip: Draw a three-column comparison (nutrient | nephritis | nephrotic) before the menu; it earns quick marks.