Plan a diet for a 50-year-old overweight man with type 2 diabetes and calculate its nutritive value.

1. 1 · Aim. To plan, prepare and calculate a diet for Mr. D with type 2 diabetes.
2. 2 · Principles.
   • Energy for healthy weight
   • Carbohydrate 50-60%, complex, low GI, spread evenly; no added sugar
   • Protein about 15%; fat below 30% with low saturated fat; fibre 25-40 g
   • Fixed meal times; bedtime snack; prevent hypoglycaemia
3. 3 · Nutrient prescription. BMI 24.9; IBW 63 kg; energy about 1800 kcal; protein about 68 g; carbohydrate 225-270 g; fat below 60 g.
4. 4 · Foods to include and avoid. Choose whole grains, pulses, parboiled rice, double-toned milk, vegetables, whole fruits; avoid sugar, sweets, juices, maida, fried foods, alcohol.
5. 5 · Sample menu. [Table: Time | Menu | Amount, six meals with bedtime milk]
6. 6 · Calculation. [Table: food group | amount | energy | protein | fibre] Total about 1806 kcal, 70 g protein and 48 g fibre.
7. 7 · Result. The diet gives about 1806 kcal and 70 g protein with no added sugar and meets Mr. D's needs.
8. 8 · Preparation tips. Measured rice, more dal in batters, no skipped meals, sugar kept only for hypoglycaemia.

Scoring tip: Define GI and GL in one line each and write the hypoglycaemia 'rule of 15'; examiners often add these as viva follow-ups.