haya.Learning made clear
Obesity sheet
10-mark answer frame

Discuss the causes, complications and dietary management of obesity.

How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.

  1. 1 · Open in two lines. Obesity is excess body fat that harms health. In Asian Indians it is a BMI of 25 or more, or a waist of 90 cm (men) or 80 cm (women).
  2. 2 · Types.
    • Android (apple) vs gynoid (pear).
    • Hyperplastic vs hypertrophic.
  3. 3 · Causes and complications. Energy imbalance, genes, inactivity, diet, hormones, drugs; diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, fatty liver, gallstones, arthritis, PCOS.
  4. 4 · Draw the energy balance. [Scale: energy in (food) heavier than energy out (BMR, activity, thermic effect of food) → fat stored]
  5. 5 · Calculate the diet. BMI, IBW (Broca's), 20-25 kcal/kg IBW, expected loss with 7,700 kcal per kg fat.
  6. 6 · Diet principles, foods and menu. Deficit 500-1,000 kcal; protein 1 g/kg IBW; fat 20-25%; high fibre; no sugary drinks; regular meals; exercise; menu.
  7. 7 · Close in one line. Slow, steady loss with lasting habits keeps the weight off.

Scoring tip: Always write the Asian Indian cut-offs, not just WHO's; they are what Indian examiners expect.