How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.
1 · Open in two lines. Napping and sanforizing are mechanical finishes. Napping changes the surface for softness and warmth; sanforizing controls shrinkage.
2 · Draw the napping roller. [Sketch: cloth passing over a cylinder of small rollers with bent wire teeth, fibre ends raised on the surface]
3 · Napping.
Wire-toothed rollers or teasels pull fibre ends from soft-twist weft.
Sheared and brushed to an even nap.
Soft, warm, hides weave; may pill.
Flannel, flannelette, blankets, fleece.
4 · Nap and pile. Nap is brushed up after weaving; pile is woven or tufted in with an extra set of yarns.
5 · Sanforizing.
Need: relaxation shrinkage of cotton.
Shrinkage measured; cloth moistened.
Compressed on a contracting rubber belt; dried on felt.
Residual shrinkage not more than 1%.
6 · Show a shrinkage calculation. 20 cm becoming 18.8 cm: (20 − 18.8) ÷ 20 × 100 = 6% shrinkage; Sanforized cloth stays within 1%.
7 · Daily-life link. Sanforized cotton for uniforms and hospital scrubs; avoid napped cotton near flames.
8 · Close in one line. Napping adds comfort and warmth, and sanforizing keeps cotton garments true to size.
Scoring tip: State the 1% Sanforized standard clearly and show one shrinkage calculation; both are easy marks.
