Explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory with examples from a food service unit.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. Motivation is the drive that makes people work willingly. Maslow and Herzberg explain what drives workers.
2. 2 · Draw Maslow's pyramid. [Pyramid, base to top: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualisation]
3. 3 · Explain the five needs.
   • Physiological: wage, meals, rest.
   • Safety: job security, safe kitchen, PF and ESI.
   • Social: team belonging. Esteem: praise and status.
   • Self-actualisation: creativity and growth.
4. 4 · Herzberg's hygiene factors. Policy, supervision, salary, relations, conditions, security: absence dissatisfies, presence does not motivate.
5. 5 · Herzberg's motivators. Achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, growth: these satisfy and motivate.
6. 6 · Compare the two. Maslow's lower needs match hygiene factors; higher needs match motivators.
7. 7 · In a real kitchen. Fair pay keeps cooks from leaving; responsibility and recognition make them excel.
8. 8 · Close in one line. A manager must meet basic needs first, then use motivators to bring out the best.

Scoring tip: The pyramid diagram is expected. Credit Maslow (1943) and Herzberg (1959) by name.