Explain promotion, demotion, transfer, retirement, termination and dismissal of employees.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. After placement, employees move up, down or across the organisation, and finally leave it. Fair policies for each movement keep staff motivated.
2. 2 · Draw the movements. [Diagram: present post → up (promotion), down (demotion), across (transfer), out (retirement, termination, dismissal)]
3. 3 · Promotion. Meaning; bases: seniority, merit, seniority-cum-merit; dry promotion.
4. 4 · Demotion and transfer. Reasons for demotion; six types of transfer.
5. 5 · Retirement, termination, dismissal.
   • Superannuation, voluntary, compulsory, medical retirement.
   • Termination: contract end, retrenchment, with notice.
   • Dismissal: punishment after show-cause notice and inquiry.
6. 6 · In a real kitchen. A cook transferred to the diet kitchen needs training first; dismissal for theft needs a fair inquiry.
7. 7 · Close in one line. Clear, fair rules for every movement build trust and keep skilled staff.

Scoring tip: A six-row table (term, meaning, reasons, example) covers the question quickly; add bases of promotion below it.