What is a bibliography? Explain the APA style of citing references, with examples.
How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.
1 · Define bibliography. A list of the sources used for a study, written in one standard style at the end of the report. APA calls its list References and includes only cited sources.
2 · Why cite? It gives credit to authors, lets readers find the source, supports your facts and avoids plagiarism.
3 · Reference formats.
Book: Author, A. A. (Year). Title (ed.). Publisher.
Journal article: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title. Journal, volume(issue), pages. DOI
Edited chapter: Author. (Year). Chapter title. In E. Editor (Ed.), Book title (pp. xx-xx). Publisher.
Webpage: Author. (Year, Month Day). Title. Site Name. URL
4 · Show a sample list. [Box: 3-4 invented references in alphabetical order, with a hanging indent]
5 · In-text citation rules.
One author: (Raman, 2021).
Two authors: (Devi & Iyer, 2022), every time.
Three or more: (Kumar et al., 2019).
Quotation: add the page, (Raman, 2021, p. 45).
6 · General rules. Alphabetical order, sentence-case titles, italics for book and journal titles, hanging indent and DOI when available.
7 · Nutrition link. ICMR-NIN reports, journal articles and health websites are all cited in the same way.
8 · Close in one line. Consistent APA referencing makes a report honest and easy to check.
Scoring tip: Underline the parts that should be in italics, since you cannot type italics by hand. Examiners look for that detail.
