Explain the methods of collecting primary data and how you would select a suitable method.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. Primary data are collected first-hand. The method must suit the study, the respondents and the resources.
2. 2 · Describe the main methods.
   • Observation: watch behaviour directly.
   • Interview: face-to-face questions.
   • Questionnaire: respondent fills the form.
   • Schedule: enumerator fills the form.
   • Measurement: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical.
3. 3 · Draw the decision flow. [Flow chart: objectives → respondents → possible methods → time, money, precision → choose and pre-test]
4. 4 · Explain the factors in choosing.
   • Nature, scope and object of enquiry.
   • Funds.
   • Time.
   • Precision required.
   • Respondents' literacy and spread.
   • Researcher's skill.
5. 5 · Add dietary methods. 24-hour recall, food frequency questionnaire, diet history, weighed food inventory.
6. 6 · Nutrition example. College students: questionnaire. Village mothers: interview schedule. Add Hb or anthropometry for objective proof.
7. 7 · Close in one line. The best method is the one that gives accurate data from these respondents within the time and money available.

Scoring tip: Name the group you are surveying and justify your choice. Examiners reward the reasoning, not just the list.