Explain the six elements of organizational design.

1. 1 · Define organizing. Arranging and structuring work to accomplish goals; it produces the organizational structure.
2. 2 · Purposes. Divide work, assign tasks, coordinate, group jobs, set authority and allocate resources.
3. 3 · Explain the six elements.
   • Work specialization
   • Departmentalization: functional, product, geographic, process, customer
   • Chain of command: authority, responsibility, unity of command
   • Span of control
   • Centralization and decentralization
   • Formalization
4. 4 · Show span of control with numbers. 4,096 workers: a span of 8 needs 585 managers; a span of 4 needs 1,365.
5. 5 · Draw a simple chart. [Organization chart: managing director → production, marketing and finance heads → supervisors]
6. 6 · Link to mechanistic and organic. High on specialization, formalization and centralization gives a mechanistic structure; low gives an organic one.
7. 7 · In Sri Lankan business. An apparel factory's specialized sewing lines and narrow supervisor spans.
8. 8 · Close. The six elements are the building blocks; managers combine them to fit strategy, size, technology and environment.

Scoring tip: Use the six names as headings. One example per element and the span-of-control numbers lift the answer.