Explain the main personality theories and their use for managers.

1. 1 · Define personality. A unique, fairly stable pattern of emotions, thoughts and behaviour that shapes how a person reacts and interacts.
2. 2 · Type, trait and psychoanalytic theories.
   • MBTI (Briggs and Myers, from Jung): four pairs giving 16 types.
   • Big Five: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness.
   • Psychoanalytic (Freud): id, ego and superego.
3. 3 · Other traits. Locus of control, Machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring, risk-taking, proactive personality.
4. 4 · Personality-job fit. Holland's six types; matching personality to job raises satisfaction and lowers turnover.
5. 5 · Draw Holland's hexagon. [Hexagon: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional]
6. 6 · Values and emotions. Rokeach's terminal and instrumental values; emotional intelligence and its five dimensions.
7. 7 · In Sri Lankan business. Hotels and banks seek emotionally stable, agreeable front-office staff.
8. 8 · Close. Understanding personality helps managers select, place and lead people well.

Scoring tip: Give each theory its author. Then add one line on how a manager uses it, such as in selection or team building.