Explain the types of plans and the steps in the planning process.

1. 1 · Open. Plans are documents that show how goals will be met. They can be classified in several ways.
2. 2 · Types of plans.
   • Breadth: strategic vs operational
   • Time: long-term vs short-term
   • Specificity: specific vs directional
   • Use: single-use vs standing
3. 3 · Levels of planning. Strategic (top), tactical (middle), operational (first-line).
4. 4 · Draw the planning process. [Flow: opportunities → objectives → premises → alternatives → evaluate → select → derivative plans → budgets]
5. 5 · Explain each step. One line on each step, showing how premises and evaluation lead to the final choice.
6. 6 · In Sri Lankan business. A tea exporter's market-entry plan, regional marketing plan and weekly packing schedule.
7. 7 · Close. Matching the type of plan to the situation, and following the steps, makes plans realistic.

Scoring tip: The flow diagram of the eight steps carries many marks. Learn the order with the memory line.