Explain the essential elements of a valid contract under the law of Sri Lanka.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. A contract is an agreement enforceable by law. In Sri Lanka the general law is Roman-Dutch law, with English law in some commercial areas.
2. 2 · Agreement. A definite offer and an unconditional acceptance, communicated, so the parties are of one mind.
3. 3 · Intention and causa. A serious and deliberate intention to be bound (causa); consideration where English law applies.
4. 4 · Capacity and free consent.
   • Capacity: minors, persons of unsound mind, intoxicated persons.
   • Free consent: no misrepresentation, fraud, mistake, duress, undue influence.
5. 5 · Lawful object, possibility and certainty. Not illegal or against public policy; possible to perform; terms clear.
6. 6 · Formalities. Land contracts must be in writing and notarially attested (Prevention of Frauds Ordinance).
7. 7 · In Sri Lankan business. A supermarket's supply contract and a company's land purchase show the essentials in action.
8. 8 · Close in one line. If an essential is missing, the contract may be void, voidable, unenforceable or illegal.

Scoring tip: Use one heading per essential. Mention causa: it shows you know Sri Lankan law, not just English law.