Discuss energy management with reference to the efforts and energy required in home-making activities.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. Energy is a limited human resource. Energy management means using it so that work gets done without undue fatigue.
2. 2 · Efforts in home-making.
   • Physical: lifting, bending, scrubbing.
   • Mental: planning, deciding, remembering.
   • Emotional: worry, caring, handling conflict.
3. 3 · Energy required for tasks.
   • Light: sitting tasks such as cutting vegetables and sewing.
   • Moderate: standing tasks such as cooking and ironing.
   • Heavy: hand washing clothes, scrubbing floors, carrying loads.
4. 4 · How it is measured. Energy cost in kcal per minute, found from oxygen consumed or estimated from heart rate.
5. 5 · Factors affecting energy cost. Posture, load, speed, work height, distance walked, tools, body weight and health.
6. 6 · Ways to save energy. Sit for long tasks, use correct work heights, use trolleys and good tools, and plan rest periods.
7. 7 · Nutrition link. ICMR groups work as sedentary, moderate or heavy; heavy housework raises a woman's calorie needs.
8. 8 · Close in one line. Wise energy management lets the homemaker finish her work with energy left for family and leisure.

Scoring tip: A three-row table (light, moderate, heavy) with two household examples each is the quickest way to score in this answer.