Explain the IUPAC rules for naming organic compounds, with two examples.

1. 1 · One line on IUPAC. An IUPAC name shows the chain length, the type of bond and the functional group of a compound.
2. 2 · Write the four parts. Prefix + word root + primary suffix + secondary suffix.
3. 3 · Write the rules.
   • Choose the longest carbon chain for the word root.
   • Number from the end nearer the functional group or side group.
   • Add -ane, -ene or -yne for the bond type.
   • Add -ol, -al, -one or -oic acid for the functional group; drop the 'e' before a vowel.
4. 4 · Show two examples with structures. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH is propan-1-ol. CH₃-CO-CH₃ is propanone.
5. 5 · Real life. Nail-polish remover is propanone; vinegar contains ethanoic acid.
6. 6 · Close in one line. So one name gives one structure, everywhere in the world.

Scoring tip: Split each example name into its parts (prop | an | ol). Examiners give marks for the parts as well as the final name.