Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

1. 1 · Define the ANS. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions of internal organs. It has sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
2. 2 · Make a table of differences.
   • Origin: thoracic and lumbar vs brain and sacral.
   • Role: fight or flight vs rest and digest.
   • Heart: speeds up vs slows down.
   • Pupil: dilates vs constricts.
   • Digestion and saliva: decrease vs increase.
3. 3 · Say they work in opposite ways. Both supply the same organs with opposite effects, keeping the body balanced.
4. 4 · Link to daily life. Exam fear makes the heart race (sympathetic); a calm meal helps digestion (parasympathetic).
5. 5 · Close. So the sympathetic system prepares for action and the parasympathetic system restores calm.

Scoring tip: A two-column table with at least four rows is the fastest way to full marks.