What are lifestyle diseases? Explain obesity, diabetes and heart disease with their prevention.

1. 1 · Define. Lifestyle diseases are non-infectious diseases caused by unhealthy diet, inactivity, stress, smoking and alcohol.
2. 2 · Obesity. Too much body fat; BMI of 30 or more (WHO cut-off for adults). Causes: overeating, inactivity, genes, hormones.
3. 3 · Diabetes mellitus.
   • High blood glucose
   • Type 1: no insulin; type 2: insulin resistance
   • Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
4. 4 · Heart disease. Atherosclerosis narrows the coronary arteries, causing angina and heart attack. Hypertension is 140/90 mm Hg or more.
5. 5 · Prevention.
   • Balanced diet with less oil, salt and sugar
   • Daily exercise and yoga
   • No smoking or alcohol
   • Regular check-ups
6. 6 · Link to daily life. Choosing sundal and fruit over fried snacks, and playing outdoors daily, lowers the risk.
7. 7 · Close in one line. Lifestyle diseases can largely be prevented by healthy habits.

Scoring tip: Write a sub-heading for each disease, with one prevention line under each.