Classify yarns. Explain simple and complex (novelty) yarns.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. A yarn is a continuous strand of fibres or filaments suitable for weaving or knitting. Yarns are classified by fibre length, number of parts and appearance.
2. 2 · Draw a classification chart. [Chart: Yarns → spun / filament; simple (single, ply, cord) / complex (slub, boucle, loop, spiral, knot, chenille, metallic, core-spun)]
3. 3 · Spun and filament. Spun yarns are staple fibres twisted together (fuzzy, warm); filament yarns are continuous strands (smooth, lustrous), mono or multi.
4. 4 · Simple yarns.
   • Single: one strand.
   • Ply: two or more singles twisted.
   • Cord: two or more plies twisted.
5. 5 · Complex yarns. Irregular in size, twist or effect; made of a base, an effect yarn and a binder.
6. 6 · Sketch the novelty yarns.
   • Slub, boucle and loop.
   • Spiral, knot, chenille.
   • Metallic (zari) and core-spun.
7. 7 · Daily-life link. Spun cotton for towels and hospital linen; avoid loop yarns in kitchen wear; handle zari gently.
8. 8 · Close in one line. The type of yarn decides how a fabric looks, feels, wears and should be cared for.

Scoring tip: Small line sketches of each novelty yarn are quick and earn marks; label base, effect and binder on one of them.