Draw a simple loom, label its parts and explain the basic weaving operations.
How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.
1 · Open in two lines. A loom is a frame that holds warp yarns under tension so that weft can be interlaced with them. All looms work on the same basic motions.
2 · Draw the loom. [Side view: warp beam → back rest → lease rods → heddles on harnesses → reed on batten → fell → breast beam → cloth beam; shuttle in the shed; treadles below]
3 · Parts and functions.
Warp beam, back rest, lease rods: hold and guide the warp.
Heddles and harnesses: lift warp yarns.
Reed and batten: space warp, beat up weft.
Shuttle: carries weft.
Breast beam and cloth beam: carry and wind cloth.
4 · Preparation. Warping, sizing, drawing-in through heddles and reed, and winding weft on pirns.
5 · Primary motions.
Shedding: harnesses open the shed.
Picking: shuttle lays a pick.
Beating-up: reed pushes it to the fell.
6 · Secondary and auxiliary motions. Let-off releases warp; take-up winds cloth; stop motions halt the loom when a yarn breaks.
7 · Daily-life link. Handloom cloth for uniforms and table linen supports weavers; firmly beaten cloth lasts longer.
8 · Close in one line. Repeating shedding, picking and beating-up, with let-off and take-up, turns yarn into woven cloth.
Scoring tip: Practise the labelled loom sketch until you can draw it in three minutes; it carries a big share of the marks.
