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Bonded fabrics, felts and care of non-wovens sheet
10-mark answer frame

Explain bonded fabrics and felts. Add a note on the care of non-woven fabrics.

How to lay out the answer. Follow the frame, then write it in your own words.

  1. 1 · Open in two lines. Bonded fabrics and felts are non-wovens made without yarns. Bonded fabrics rely on adhesive or heat; felts rely on matting fibres together.
  2. 2 · Bonded fabrics.
    • Bonded-fibre: web held by adhesive or heat; interlinings, napkins.
    • Laminated: fabric layers or foam joined by adhesive; rainwear, lined fabrics.
  3. 3 · Draw the felt-making flow chart. [Flow chart: carded wool layers → wetting and steaming → hardening → fulling → finishing]
  4. 4 · Wool felt and needle felt.
    • Wool felt: heat, moisture, agitation, pressure; warm, no fray, weak.
    • Needle felt: barbed needles, any fibre; carpets, underlay.
  5. 5 · Care of non-wovens.
    • Discard single-use items.
    • Hand-wash gently; no wringing.
    • Low heat only; avoid harsh solvents on bonded fabrics.
    • Dry clean wool felt; protect from moths.
  6. 6 · Daily-life link. Use-once caps and masks in food units; keep non-woven bags away from hot vessels.
  7. 7 · Close in one line. Bonded fabrics and felts are quick, cheap, fray-free fabrics that need gentle, label-guided care.

Scoring tip: Mention both meanings of 'bonded fabric'; many students give only one.