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Fundamentals in Research
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Paper pattern
A · answer 10 of 12 · 2 marks each · about 30 words20
B · answer 5 of 7 · 5 marks each · about 200 words25
C · answer 3 of 5 · 10 marks each · about 500 words30
External total75
Usual 75-mark UG pattern (10 × 2, 5 × 5, 3 × 10). Confirm against your own college's question paper.

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Section A · 2 marks · define or list
Define research.Unit IWhat is a research problem?Unit IDefine research design.Unit IWhat is a sampling frame?Unit IDistinguish between an independent and a dependent variable.Unit IDefine primary data.Unit IIName any four sources of secondary data.Unit IIWhat is a dichotomous question? Give an example.Unit IIWhat is pre-testing of a questionnaire?Unit IIWhat is an interview schedule?Unit IIWhat is coding?Unit IIIWhat is a codebook?Unit IIIDefine tabulation.Unit IIIWhat is a stub in a table?Unit IIIHow is the angle of a sector in a pie chart calculated?Unit IIIDefine arithmetic mean.Unit IVFind the median of 12, 15, 11, 18, 14, 16.Unit IVWhat is range? Give its formula.Unit IVWhat is meant by correlation?Unit IVWhat are degrees of freedom?Unit IVWhat is a research report?Unit VWhat is meant by a rough draft?Unit VWhat are appendices?Unit VWhat is a review of literature?Unit VDefine bibliography.Unit V
Section B · 5 marks · explain
Explain the objectives of research.Unit IWhat criteria would you consider while selecting a research problem?Unit IDistinguish between probability and non-probability sampling.Unit IExplain the factors that determine the sample size of a study.Unit IDifferentiate between primary and secondary data.Unit IIWhat factors would you consider while selecting a method of data collection?Unit IIExplain the different types of questions used in a questionnaire.Unit IIDistinguish between a questionnaire and an interview schedule.Unit IIExplain the steps in processing data: editing, coding and data entry.Unit IIIExplain the parts of a table with a model table.Unit IIIExplain the types of bar diagrams with examples.Unit IIIOf 120 adolescent girls, 45 are normal, 39 mildly, 33 moderately and 3 severely anaemic. Represent the data in a pie chart.Unit IIICalculate the mean, median and mode of the haemoglobin values (g/dL) of 7 girls: 11.4, 10.2, 12.4, 11.4, 9.6, 12.0, 10.8.Unit IVCalculate the standard deviation of the protein intake (g) of 6 students: 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60.Unit IVState the merits and demerits of Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation.Unit IVExplain the types of t test with one nutrition example for each.Unit IVExplain the steps in writing a research report.Unit VWhat are the preliminary pages of a research report?Unit VGive the APA format for a book and a journal article, with an example of each.Unit VWrite a short note on in-text citation in APA style.Unit V
Section C · 10 marks · describe with diagram
Define research. Explain its significance and the steps in the research process.Unit IWhat is a research design? Explain its types with suitable examples.Unit IDescribe the various methods of sampling with their merits and demerits.Unit IExplain the methods of collecting primary data. How will you choose a suitable method for a diet survey?Unit IIWhat is a questionnaire? Explain the steps in constructing a good questionnaire.Unit IIWhat is an interview schedule? Discuss its merits and demerits and compare it with a questionnaire.Unit IIWhat is coding? Explain coding, data entry and computation with an example of a codebook.Unit IIIWhat is tabulation? Explain the parts of a table and the different types of tables.Unit IIIExplain the diagrammatic presentation of data, with special reference to bar graphs and pie charts.Unit IIIExplain the measures of central tendency with their merits and demerits.Unit IVCalculate Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation between hours of exercise per week (x) and BMI (y), and interpret it: x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10; y = 28, 27, 25, 24, 21.Unit IVHb (g/dL) of 6 girls before and after 8 weeks of iron supplements is given. Apply the paired t test at the 5% level. Before: 9.8, 10.2, 10.5, 9.6, 10.0, 10.9. After: 10.6, 10.9, 11.0, 10.5, 10.4, 11.8.Unit IVDescribe the steps involved in writing a research report. Add the precautions to be taken.Unit VDescribe the layout of a research report.Unit VWhat is a bibliography? Explain the APA style of citing references from books, journals, edited books and websites.Unit V

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10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IDefine research. Explain its objectives and significance.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IDefine a research problem. Explain how you would select and formulate a research problem.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IWhat is a research design? Explain its types with suitable examples.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IExplain the probability and non-probability methods of sampling with their merits and demerits.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IExplain the factors that decide sample size and the types of variables used in research.5-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIDifferentiate between primary and secondary data.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIExplain the methods of collecting primary data and how you would select a suitable method.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIWhat is a questionnaire? Explain the types of questions and the steps in constructing a good questionnaire.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIWhat is an interview schedule? Explain its merits and demerits and how it differs from a questionnaire.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIIExplain the steps in processing data: editing, coding, data entry and computation, with an example.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIIWhat is tabulation? Explain the parts of a table and the types of tables.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IIIExplain the presentation of data by bar graphs and pie charts with suitable examples.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IVExplain the measures of central tendency with their merits and demerits.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IVExplain range and standard deviation with their merits and demerits. Add a worked example.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IVExplain Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation. State its merits and demerits.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT IVExplain Student's t test with its types and steps. Add a worked example.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT VDescribe the steps in report writing. Add the precautions a researcher should take.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT VDescribe the layout of a research report.10-MARK ANSWER FRAME · UNIT VWhat is a bibliography? Explain the APA style of citing references, with examples.