6 min readConcept sheetModel, portal and acronym MCQs
ICT and governance
E-governance uses ICT to deliver services and information: G2C, G2B, G2G and G2E. The aim is SMART governance: simple, moral, accountable, responsive, transparent.
Digital IndiaLaunched 1 July 2015
National e-Governance Plan2006, with Mission Mode Projects
SMART (2nd ARC)Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, Transparent
Cyber-incident agencyCERT-In
The four e-governance models
| Model | Between | Example |
|---|---|---|
| G2C | Government and citizens | DigiLocker, UMANG, Passport Seva |
| G2B | Government and business | Government e-Marketplace (GeM), GST portal |
| G2G | Government departments | e-Office, Public Financial Management System |
| G2E | Government and its employees | Online payroll and leave; iGOT Karmayogi training |
Key programmes and platforms
| Platform | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Digital India (2015) | Umbrella programme with three vision areas: digital infrastructure for every citizen, governance and services on demand, digital empowerment |
| Common Service Centres | Village-level access points for e-services |
| DigiLocker | Cloud wallet for authentic digital documents, including degrees |
| UMANG | Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance: many services in one app |
| MyGov | Citizen-engagement platform for participatory governance |
| CPGRAMS | Online public grievance redress and monitoring |
| e-NAM | Online national market for agricultural produce |
Benefits and challenges
BenefitsTransparency, speed and lower cost; less face-to-face discretion and so less petty corruption; services available 24×7.
ChallengesThe digital divide, low digital literacy, poor connectivity and language barriers; cybersecurity and privacy risks.
ICT in governing higher education
- AISHE (All India Survey on Higher Education) collects data on institutions, enrolment and teachers.
- NAD and DigiLocker hold degrees in verifiable digital form.
- Academic Bank of Credits keeps a digital record of credits earned.
- Online portals handle approvals, scholarships and grievances.
How NET asks this: match a portal with its model (G2C, G2B, G2G, G2E) or purpose, expand UMANG or SMART, or put e-governance milestones in order.
Typical MCQ: “Government e-Marketplace (GeM) is an example of which e-governance model?” G2B: the government buys goods and services from businesses online.
Typical MCQ: “What does UMANG stand for?” Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance.
SMART governance (2nd Administrative Reforms Commission): Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, Transparent.