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Haya model paper 2027One fixed paper, locked on 31 Mar 2027 before the examBuilt to the board's own blueprint below. After the exam, Haya compares it with the real question paper, question by question.Board match

Paper pattern

MCQ · all 17 · 1 mark each · multiple choice, four options, 1 mark each17

OBJ2 · all 10 · 2 marks each · objective, two 1-mark sub-parts each: match the columns, fill in the blank, true or false, or a short passage or diagram with questions20

OBJ5 · all 1 · 5 marks each · passage based objective, five 1-mark sub-parts5

VSA · all 6 · 2 marks each · very short answer, 30 to 50 words; 3 of the 6 have an internal OR choice12

SA · all 7 · 3 marks each · short answer, 50 to 80 words; 3 of the 7 have an internal OR choice21

LA · all 2 · 5 marks each · long answer, 80 to 120 words, often a diagram or ray diagram; both have an internal OR choice10

Board paper total85

NIOS Question Paper Design for Science and Technology (212), Course Bifurcation 2023 (QPD/10th/212.pdf), matched question for question by the 2023 sample question paper (SQP-MS/10th/212.pdf).

Mock paper

Make a full practice paper in the same shape as the exam, picked from our question bank. Write your answers on paper, timed, then check them against the sheets.

Likely questions

Written by us from your syllabus, not copied from any exam paper. Tap one to open its sheet.

2 marks · very short answer

What is a unit? Why must the result of a measurement always state its unit?Unit I Give two reasons why units based on parts of the body were given up. Name one old Indian unit of length.Unit I Express the SI unit of work in base units and give its special name. Is it a base unit or a derived unit?Unit I What is a stationary state in Bohr's model? Why does an electron in it not fall into the nucleus?Unit II Find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in ³¹₁₅P.Unit II Give two differences between cathode rays and canal rays.Unit II Calcium (40) and barium (137) form a Dobereiner triad with one more element. Find the expected atomic mass of the middle element, and name it.Unit III Name the scientist who showed that atomic number is the basic property of an element. Why is atomic number a better basis for classification than atomic mass?Unit III Why is a chlorine atom smaller than a sodium atom, although chlorine has more electrons?Unit III What is the octet rule? Why is a helium atom stable with only two electrons in its outer shell?Unit IV Show the electron change when (i) a calcium atom forms Ca²⁺ and (ii) a sulphur atom forms S²⁻. Give the configuration of each ion.Unit IV Molten potassium chloride conducts electricity, but solid potassium chloride does not. Explain why.Unit IV Dilute hydrochloric acid conducts electricity, but a glucose solution does not, although both contain hydrogen. Explain this using the Arrhenius idea of an acid.Unit V Calculate the pH of a solution in which [H⁺] is 1 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. Is it acidic or basic?Unit V Name the basic radical and the acid radical in magnesium chloride, MgCl₂, and give the base and the acid they come from.Unit V State Newton's third law of motion. Name the action and the reaction when a rocket is launched.Unit VI Define momentum and give its SI unit. Find the momentum of a 60 kg runner moving at 5 m s⁻¹.Unit VI Why are the tyres of tractors and heavy trucks made wide? Give one more example where a large area is used to reduce pressure.Unit VI State the universal law of gravitation. If the mass of one body is doubled and the distance between the two bodies is also doubled, what happens to the force between them?Unit VII Why does a feather fall more slowly than a coin in air, but at the same rate inside a tube from which the air has been removed?Unit VII Your weight on the earth is 539 N. Find your mass, and your weight on the moon. (g on the earth = 9.8 m s⁻², g on the moon = 1.63 m s⁻²)Unit VII Define work and give its SI unit. When is the work done by a force zero?Unit VIII State the law of conservation of energy. Name the energy change that takes place in an electric iron.Unit VIII Define power. A pump does 9000 J of work in 6 s. Find its power.Unit VIII How is a real image different from a virtual image? Give two points, and name a mirror that can form both kinds of image.Unit IX Define the power of a lens and its SI unit. A lens has a focal length of −25 cm. Find its power and name the lens.Unit IX Light travels at 2.25 × 10⁸ m/s in water. Find the refractive index of water. (c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s)Unit IX State Coulomb's law of force between two charges. What happens to the force if the distance between the charges is made three times?Unit X A copper wire and a nichrome wire have the same length and thickness. Which has the greater resistance, and why? Write the SI unit of resistivity.Unit X Define 1 ampere. How many electrons pass a point in a wire each second when the current is 1.6 A? (e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)Unit X Write two properties of magnetic field lines. Why do two field lines never cross each other?Unit XI A learner's electromagnet can barely lift one pin. Suggest two changes that will make it lift more pins, and give a reason for each.Unit XI Why is a fuse joined in series in the live wire? What happens to it when a short circuit occurs?Unit XI Write two differences between breathing and respiration.Unit XII Name the three kinds of blood cells and write one job of each.Unit XII What is food adulteration? Name one common adulterant each of milk and black pepper.Unit XII What is a synapse? Explain how a nerve impulse passes from one neuron to the next.Unit XIII Give two differences between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.Unit XIII What is a conditioned reflex? Give one example, and say how it differs from a natural reflex.Unit XIII How does reproduction in Amoeba differ from reproduction in human beings? Give two points.Unit XIV A hen lays eggs, while a cow gives birth to a calf. Use the terms oviparous and viviparous to explain this difference.Unit XIV Why do the testes lie in the scrotum, outside the abdomen?Unit XIV Distinguish between heredity and variation, giving one example of each from your own family.Unit XV A hair root and a blood sample are taken from the same person. Why do their DNA patterns match, and how can DNA fingerprinting help settle a dispute about who a child's parents are?Unit XV A man of blood group A (IA i) marries a woman of group O. Which blood groups can their children have? Show the gene pairs.Unit XV Why is 22-carat gold used for jewellery instead of 24-carat gold? Name a metal usually added to it.Unit XVI A strip of lead is placed in copper chloride solution. Will a reaction take place? Give a reason, and write the equation if it does.Unit XVI Name (i) a metal that reacts with cold water and (ii) a metal that reacts only with steam. Write a balanced equation for one of them.Unit XVI Why is diamond very hard, while graphite is soft and slippery? Give one use of each that depends on this.Unit XVII Carbon is burnt once in limited air and once in plenty of air. Write both equations and name the oxide that is poisonous.Unit XVII Name the main carbon compound in (i) vinegar and (ii) nail polish remover, and write the formula of each.Unit XVII What is a biotic community? Explain why decomposers are called the link between the living and non-living parts of an ecosystem.Unit XVIII Energy flows through an ecosystem, but nutrients cycle. Explain this statement.Unit XVIII Bats and birds are the true flying animals. How are their wings built differently, and which two other features help birds stay in the air?Unit XVIII What is a cloudburst? Why is it often followed by landslides?Unit XIX Distinguish between reforestation and afforestation.Unit XIX What are the 4 R's of waste management? Give one example of recycling.Unit XIX

3 marks · short answer

Name the seven SI base quantities, and write the SI unit and symbol of any four of them.Unit I Rewrite with suitable SI prefixes: (i) 4 × 10⁻⁹ s (ii) 3.5 × 10⁵ m (iii) 0.000 06 g. State the rule you used to choose each prefix.Unit I Give the main features of Thomson's model of the atom, and explain why the results of the gold foil experiment could not be explained by it.Unit II Write the electronic configurations of oxygen (Z = 8) and aluminium (Z = 13), and find the valency of each. Show how you found the valency.Unit II Give three merits of Mendeleev's periodic table, with an example of each.Unit III Describe where metals, non-metals and metalloids are placed in the modern periodic table, with two examples of each.Unit III Draw the Lewis dot structures of hydrogen chloride and water. How many shared pairs of electrons does each molecule have?Unit IV Element P has atomic number 19 and element Q has atomic number 9. (i) Write their electronic configurations. (ii) Name the type of bond formed between them. (iii) Write the formula of the compound and show the transfer of electrons.Unit IV Describe how zinc reacts with (i) dilute sulphuric acid and (ii) sodium hydroxide solution. Write balanced equations, and give the test for the gas formed.Unit V You are given two white powders, washing soda and baking soda. Describe three tests to tell them apart.Unit V State the law of conservation of momentum. A gun of mass 8 kg fires a 40 g bullet at 300 m s⁻¹. Find the recoil velocity of the gun.Unit VI What is friction? Name two factors on which it depends, and explain why a sliding box is slightly easier to keep moving than to start.Unit VI A planet has twice the mass of the earth and twice its radius. Compare the acceleration due to gravity on its surface with that on the earth. Show your working.Unit VII State Archimedes' principle. A block weighs 8 N in air and 5 N when fully under water. Find the buoyant force on it and the weight of the water it displaces.Unit VII Find the kinetic energy of a 60 kg athlete running at 8 m s⁻¹. What would it be if she ran at 4 m s⁻¹? Explain the change.Unit VIII A box is pulled 10 m along the floor by a rope that makes an angle of 60° with the floor. The pull is 100 N. Find the work done by the pull (cos 60° = 0.5). Why is it less than if the rope were horizontal?Unit VIII An object 2 cm tall is placed 20 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Use the mirror formula to find the position, size and nature of the image.Unit IX What is myopia? Draw labelled diagrams to show a myopic eye and its correction with a suitable lens.Unit IX Three resistors of 6 Ω, 6 Ω and 3 Ω are joined in parallel across a 6 V battery. Find the equivalent resistance and the current drawn from the battery.Unit X An electric heater of resistance 46 Ω is joined to the 230 V mains. Find the current it draws, its power, and the energy it uses in 2 hours in kilowatt hours.Unit X State Fleming's left-hand rule. A horizontal wire carries a current from west to east in a magnetic field that points vertically downwards. Find the direction of the force on the wire.Unit XI What is electromagnetic induction? Describe an activity with a coil, a magnet and a galvanometer to show it.Unit XI What is a nephron? Explain how it forms urine by filtration and reabsorption.Unit XII What is a balanced diet? Explain why a growing child, a farm labourer and a pregnant woman need different diets.Unit XII You step on a thorn and lift your foot at once. Name the three types of neurons that pass this message, and say what each one does.Unit XIII Name the hormone made by each of the pituitary, the thyroid and the pancreas, and the disorder caused when each makes too little.Unit XIII What is vegetative propagation? Describe cutting and grafting, giving one example of each.Unit XIV A bee leaves pollen on the stigma of a mango flower. Describe, step by step, what happens next until a seed and a fruit are formed.Unit XIV Cross a pure tall pea plant with a pure dwarf one. Show the F1 and F2 generations, and say which of Mendel's laws each result shows.Unit XV What is a hereditary disorder? Why does marriage between close relatives raise its chance, and how does genetic counselling help?Unit XV What is calcination? How is it different from roasting? Give one balanced equation for each.Unit XVI Show how sulphur dioxide behaves as an acidic oxide. Write equations for its formation from sulphur and for its reaction with sodium hydroxide, and name the salt formed.Unit XVI Write the IUPAC names of (i) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, (ii) CH₃COCH₃ and (iii) CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃. Name the functional group in the first two.Unit XVII Explain what catenation and tetravalency are, and how they let carbon form so many compounds. Give one example of each.Unit XVII What is a food web? Explain why a food web keeps an ecosystem more stable than a single food chain, with an example.Unit XVIII With one example each, explain mutualism and commensalism. How is parasitism different from both?Unit XVIII A lake next to farmland turns green, and soon many fish die. Explain, step by step, what has happened.Unit XIX A doctor in a hill town sees more cases of sunburn and cataract than before. Explain how CFCs and the ozone layer could be linked to this, and suggest two things a family can do to help.Unit XIX

5 marks · long answer

(a) What are base units and derived units? (b) Derive the SI units of force and power in terms of base units and give their special names. (c) Write two rules for writing SI unit symbols.Unit I (a) Describe the alpha scattering experiment with a labelled diagram. (b) List its three main observations and the conclusion drawn from each. (c) Give one drawback of Rutherford's model.Unit II (a) State the modern periodic law. (b) Describe the long form of the periodic table in terms of groups and periods. (c) An element has the configuration 2, 8, 1. In which group and period is it placed? Name one element with similar properties.Unit III (a) Explain how sodium chloride forms from sodium and chlorine atoms, with configurations and an electron dot picture. (b) Why is there no separate NaCl molecule in the solid? (c) Give two properties of sodium chloride, with a reason for each.Unit IV (a) Define pH. (b) Find the pH at 25 °C of 0.0001 mol L⁻¹ HCl and of 0.01 mol L⁻¹ KOH. (c) Explain why pH matters in digestion and in tooth decay.Unit V (a) State Newton's second law of motion and derive F = ma from it. (b) A car of mass 1000 kg moving at 90 km h⁻¹ is brought to rest in 10 s. Find the braking force.Unit VI (a) Using F = mg and the law of gravitation, show that g = GM/R², where M and R are the mass and the radius of the earth. Why does g not depend on the mass of the falling body? (b) A ball is thrown vertically up at 29.4 m s⁻¹. Find the greatest height it reaches and the total time it stays in the air. (g = 9.8 m s⁻²)Unit VII (a) State the law of conservation of energy. (b) Show that the total mechanical energy of a freely falling body stays constant. (c) A 2 kg ball is dropped from a height of 20 m. Find its kinetic energy and its speed just before it hits the ground. (g = 9.8 m s⁻²)Unit VIII Draw ray diagrams to show the image formed by a convex lens when the object is (i) beyond 2F, (ii) at 2F, (iii) between F and 2F, (iv) between F and the optical centre, and (v) by a concave lens for an object in front of it. State the nature of the image in each case.Unit IX Derive the expression for the equivalent resistance of three resistors joined in series. Resistors of 2 Ω, 4 Ω and 6 Ω are joined in series to a 24 V battery. Find the current and the potential difference across each resistor.Unit X Draw a labelled diagram of an AC generator and explain how it produces an alternating current. How does a DC generator differ from it?Unit XI Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis. Explain where in a leaf it takes place, what happens in its two steps, and why all living things depend on it.Unit XII Draw a labelled diagram of the human heart. Trace the path of blood through it, and state the normal blood pressure of a healthy young adult.Unit XII Your hand jerks away from a hot pan before you feel the pain. Name this kind of action, trace the impulse along its pathway, and draw that pathway with every part labelled.Unit XIII Draw a labelled diagram of the human brain. Describe the jobs of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata, and explain how the brain is protected.Unit XIII Draw a labelled diagram of the human female reproductive system. Describe fertilisation and the growth of the embryo until birth.Unit XIV A cell is about to divide. Describe the structure of its DNA, and explain with a labelled diagram how the DNA copies itself so that each new cell gets an identical set.Unit XV (a) What is corrosion? (b) Describe, with a labelled diagram, an experiment to show that iron rusts only when both air and water are present. (c) Explain how galvanisation protects iron.Unit XVI (a) What is a homologous series? Give three of its features. (b) Write the general formula and the first two members of the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. (c) Draw the structures of butane and isobutane and say why they are isomers.Unit XVII Pulses such as gram enrich the soil with nitrogen. Explain the whole nitrogen cycle with a labelled diagram, naming the bacteria wherever they act, and show where pulses fit in.Unit XVIII Explain how photochemical smog and acid rain are formed. Give two harmful effects of each, and explain the role of temperature inversion in smog.Unit XIX

2 marks · objective, two parts

5 marks · passage, five 1-mark parts

Answer frames

How to lay out a long answer, with a write-up check. 113 frames so far.